The course traces the steps which lead to a) a complete regulation of credit institutions, culminating with the enactment of the consolidated text of 1993 (influence of european law on internal regulatory choices). Inside the TUB particular attention will be paid to the institutional and structural changes as well as the various forms of supervision and control (credit authorities, supervisory activities of banks and non-bank financial intermediaries, categories of banks, groups and consolidated supervision, crisis management, transparency and customer protection); b) the new architecture of european financial supervision (pillar of Banking Union).