The course aims to outline the peculiar religious philosophy of an Author like Cioran, who, although professing himself always fundamentally atheist, was like few thinkers of the twentieth century attracted by the religious phenomenon, of which he practiced every heresiological variation. Particular attention will be paid to the presence of neo-Gnostic themes in Cioran's thought, both in line with the dualistic tradition of contemporary Romanian thought (from L. Blaga to Ioan P. Couliano), and with regard to the contemporary Gnostic revival of European thought in general (just think of an author like J. Taubes). In this way, the course will provide a significant overview of some of the crucial issues of the philosophy of religion of the twentieth century and thus make students able to orient themselves in this fundamental issue.